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Menentukan Halal dan Haram Semata-mata Hak Allah

Banyak sekali, yang beranggapan bahwa kita bisa menentukan halal dan haram terhadap sesuatu. Dalam islam, telah memberikan batas wewenang untuk menentukan halal dan haram, yaitu dengan melepaskan hak tersebut dari tangan manusia, setinggi apapun kedudukan manusia tersebut dalam bidang agama maupun duniawinya. Hak tersebut semata-mata di tangan Allah.
      Bukan manusia yang berhak menentukan halal dan haramnya sesuatu. Siapa yang bersikap demikian, berarti telah melanggar batas dan menentang hak Allah dalam menetapkan perundang-undangan untuk umat manusia. Dan siapa yang menerima serta mengikuti sikap tersebut, berarti dia telah menjadikan mereka itu sebagai sekutu Allah, sedangkan pengikutnya disebut musyrik.

            Firman Allah:
“Apakah mereka mempunyai sesembahan selain Allah yang menetapkan aturan agama bagi mereka yang tidak diizinkan (diridhai) Allah? Dan sekiranya tidak ada ketetapan yang menunda ( hukuman dari Allah) tentulah hukuman di antara mereka telah dilaksanakan. Dan sungguh, orang-orang zalim itu akan mendapat azab yang sangat pedih.” (Asy-Syura : 21)

          Al-Qur’an telah mengecap juga kepada orang-orang musyrik yang berani mengharamkan dan menghalalkan tanpa izin Allah, dengan firman-Nya sebagai berikut:
“Katakanlah (Muhammad), “Terangkanlah kepada ku tentang rezeki yang diturunkan Allah kepadamu, lalu kamu jadikan sebagiannya haram dan sebagiannya halal.” Katakanlah, “Apakah Allah telah memberikan izin kepadamu (tentang ini), ataukah kamu mengada-ada atas nama Allah?” (Yunus : 59)
            Dan firman Allah juga:
“Dan janganlah kamu mengatakan terhadap apa yang disebut-sebut oleh lidahmu secara dusta “ini halal dan ini haram” untuk mengada-adakan kebohongan terhadap Allah. Sesungguhnya orang yang mengada-adakan kebohongan terhadap Allah tidak akan beruntung.” (An-Nahl : 116)

        Maka dari itu, beberapa ayat di atas, para ahli fiqih mengetahui dengan pasti bahwa hanya Allah yang berhak menentukan halal dan haram, baik dalam kitab-Nya (Al-Qur’an) maupun melalui lidah Rasul-Nya (Sunnah). Tugas mereka tidak lebih hanya menerangkan atau menjelaskan hukum Allah tentang halal dan haram itu. Seperti firman-Nya:

Dan mengapa kamu tidak mau memakan dari apa (daging hewan) yang (ketika disembelih) disebut nama Allah, padahal Allah telah menjelaskan kepadamu apa yang diharamkan-Nya kepadamu..”
( Al-An’am : 119)

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